Black, red and complicated

BERLIN — Across most countries in this year’s World Cup, the national flag is a natural way to support the home team. In Germany, it’s… complicated. There is plenty of excitement about the German team surging through Group E: One Berlin bakery chain is advertising slices of black, red and gold cake; shops are hawking tricolor plastic leis, noisemakers and face paint; fans gathering to watch the games don German team jerseys. But as Germany takes the field against Ecuador today, what is less visible around the country is the black, red and gold of the German flag. That’s because, for the last eight decades, Germany has had a deeply complex relationship with its own national symbols and the concept of national pride. After the Nazi defeat in World War II, expressions of national pride were taboo in Germany. Instead, the country’s postwar leaders promoted Verfassungspatriotismus, or constitutional patriotism: a sense of pride in postwar Germany’s commitment to democracy and the rule of law. By contrast, overt national pride was largely the remit of the far- and extreme right — so much so that a slogan from the neo-Nazi NPD party in the early 2000s, deeply controversial at the time, was Ich bin stolz, ein Deutscher zu sein (“I’m proud to be German”). Then came the Sommermärchen (“summer fairy tale”) of 2006, when Germany hosted its first World Cup since unification and found itself uncommonly awash in black, red and gold. A German friend once quipped that, before that year, if you saw a house flying a German flag you knew the person living there was a neo-Nazi; afterwards; they could be a neo-Nazi or a soccer fan. “2006 was a coming-out moment for Germany,” said Sudha David-Wilp, a Berlin-based vice president and senior fellow at the German Marshall Fund. “It allowed Germans to feel comfortable in their national skin and to unfurl their flag.” That growing embrace of sports-related patriotism has been complicated in recent years by the rise of the far-right Alternative