The big issues and key flashpoints from Scotland's election campaign

ShareSaveAdd as preferred on GoogleGlenn CampbellScotland political editorGetty ImagesThis is the fifth national election that John Swinney has fought as leader of the SNP - and he's still looking for his first victory. He lost the UK general election in 2024 to Labour, although it was his two immediate predecessors – Humza Yousaf and Nicola Sturgeon - who got the blame. When Swinney last led the SNP in the early noughties the party lost ground in elections for Westminster 2001, Holyrood in 2003 and in the European elections in 2004. The trend in opinion polls suggests that this contest could be different and that it may be fifth time lucky for Swinney. If he wins, that would give the SNP their fifth consecutive term in charge of devolved public services such as the NHS, education and law and order. It is interesting to look back at the SNP manifesto from 2003. Then, Swinney was asking for "the chance to prove ourselves". That would eventually be granted - and after 19 years in power, the party is now trying to renew itself in office and prove that it still has the energy and ideas to govern. It is promising improved public service delivery and another independence referendum without making much of the issues that have developed on its watch. These include queues for NHS diagnosis and treatment, overcrowded jails and new ferries that are seriously overdue and over budget. Labour's Anas Sarwar argues that the SNP has had its chance and is appealing for voters to "give me five" years to start fixing Scotland's problems. It seems to me that he is offering new management rather than a major policy overhaul in most devolved areas. His fundamental difference with the SNP remains the independence question, even if Labour's support for new nuclear power stations does offer an alternative dividing line. Whoever leads the next Scottish government will have to deal with a spending gap in the devolved budget that is expected to grow to £5bn by 2029/30 if significant adjustments are not made. That means public spending cuts or increased taxes, unless there are unexpected surges in either the grant from the UK Treasury or in economic growth. Conservative leader Russell Findlay has repeatedly raised this issue in the election campaign alongside his party's plans to cut welfare spending. He has also made clear that the Tories would want some savings used to fund income tax cuts. Reform UK's leader in Scotland, Malcolm Offord, wants bigger income tax cuts paid for by closing some public agencies and ending the push for a carbon-neutral economy by 2045. The Greens, under the co-leadership of Ross Greer and Gillian Mackay, want to tax wealthy people more to better fund public services and extend free bus travel to everyone. Labour and the Liberal Democrats aspire to reductions when economic conditions allow. The SNP, which created the current six-band system, wants to simplify it. Who should pay what in tax, and which welfare benefits should be funded from the Scottish government's budget, feels like one of the defining issues in this campaign. The Greens and Reform represent opposite ends of the political spectrum - both trying to draw disaffected voters away from the more traditional, mainstream parties. This was clearly illustrated in the STV leaders' debate when Offord revealed that he owns six houses, six boats and five cars due to his success in business. He asked Greer if the Greens wanted more or fewer people like him in Scotland. Greer said fewer - and that Offord should give up homes to those without their own accommodation. The headline offer from the Liberal Democrats, led by Alex Cole-Hamilton, is to spend more on social care to free up hospital beds and ease pressure on the NHS. To be fair, all the larger parties have said that cutting health waiting times would be a priority for them - as it is for the public. They have also vied to offer additional help with the cost of living, which has increased during this election contest with the war in Iran driving up fuel prices. In the context of international conflict, there's been renewed debate about more oil and gas extraction from the North Sea. This is a Westminster decision but anyone can have a view. US President Donald Trump has led calls for the UK to "drill, baby, drill" and the Conservatives and Reform UK share that viewpoint. Scottish Labour wants the UK government to honour licences for the new Rosebank and Jackdaw fields, while the Lib Dems favour increased domestic production if it's less environmentally damaging than importing from elsewhere. The SNP has appeared to soften previous resistance to new oil and gas developments during this campaign, with only the Greens remaining firmly opposed. President Trump made a further intervention when he chose to lift import tariffs on whisky in honour of the King and Queen, who made a state visit to the US. This was widely welcomed - but also prompted a political squabble over who c

The big issues and key flashpoints from Scotland's election campaign

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