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Ramiro Valdés Menéndez, Architect of Cuba’s Surveillance State, Dies at 94

NY Times · Jun 22, 2026, 10:27 PM · Also reported by 3 other sources

Considered the country’s most powerful leader after the Castro brothers, he was the first director of the Interior Ministry, keeping a close eye on dissent.

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Ramiro Valdés Menéndez, Architect of Cuba’s Surveillance State, Dies at 94

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