5 ways constraints boost productivity and creativity at work

Below, David Epstein shares five key insights from his new book, Inside the Box: How Constraints Make Us Better. David is the author of The New York Times bestsellers Range and The Sports Gene. He has worked as a senior writer for Sports Illustrated and an investigative reporter for Pro Publica. What’s the big idea? Using deliberate constraints and simplification strategies helps you focus better, be more productive, and make more creative decisions. Listen to the audio version of this Book Bite—read by David himself—in the Next Big Idea App, or buy the book. 1. Make all your current commitments visible. At one genomics lab, the staff took the time to write each of their current projects on Post-it notes (one project per Post-it) and put them up on a wall. They immediately noticed that they had way too many things in progress at once. The lab team saw the importance of picking priorities to focus on. Making all your commitments visible is a useful exercise. This can be done for personal matters, professional tasks, or both. When taking account of everything, ask yourself, “If I had to cut one of these things out in the next 90 days, which would it be?” That doesn’t mean you have to kill it forever, but maybe you put it on hold because constraints can help clarify your priorities. That’s what this exercise is about. Most people or teams who do this realize that they’re overcommitted and that a lot of medium-priority tasks are competing with top-priority tasks. Humans are bad at taking things away. So think of this exercise as a subtraction audit. We have a bias called subtractive neglect bias, meaning we overlook solutions that involve taking things away. Do this regularly to actively reduce obligations rather than only accumulating more. 2. Batch your email. Psychologist Gloria Mark has spent two decades observing people at work to understand what they do all day. In one of her more recent studies, she found that people in offices check email about 77 different times