Ramaphosa and the ANC’s sinking ship

In the maritime tradition, there is an old saying: “The captain goes down with the ship”, suggesting that, in the event of an emergency at sea, it is the captain who bears the ultimate responsibility to save the ship and those on board or die trying. This metaphor is used in this article to offer a balanced assessment of President Cyril Ramaphosa’s reformist ambitions and political shortcomings during his tenure as president of the African National Congress (ANC). Ramaphosa was elected at the ANC’s 54th National Conference in 2017 to become president in what many observers characterised as a significant moment in South Africa’s political history. Just a year before his presidency, in 2016, discussions about state capture emerged across social media and mainstream platforms. “The Capture of the State” became the focal point of debate in South Africa’s political arena. During this period, public trust in the ANC government was declining sharply, with negative consequences for the country’s economic, social and political institutions. Likewise, the ANC found itself deeply embroiled in factional battles that signalled organisational decline, fragmented the tripartite alliance and contributed to the loss of major metropolitan municipalities across the country. While some observers position Ramaphosa as a president who inherited an organisation damaged by the actions of his predecessors and attempted to repair institutional harm, one cannot ignore that his presidency coincided with political fragmentation, governance failure and the accelerated electoral decline of the ANC. At the beginning of his presidency, Ramaphosa entered office as a “renewal figure”, promising to restore credibility to both the state and the party. His promise was the “New Dawn”, which he introduced in 2018 as an era of the rule of law, institutional renewal and transparency. Many observers embraced this vision. The country experienced a period of optimism as many viewed him as an anti-corruption an