Effectiveness of GLP-1s Like Ozempic, Wegovy May Depend on Your Genetics
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Research has found that the effectiveness of GLP-1 drugs may vary based on a person’s genetics. Image Credit: Indranil MUKHERJEE / AFP via Getty Images GLP-1 medications may not always be effective for everyone. New research suggests that around 10% of people carry genetic variations that explain why. A new review suggests that certain combination approaches for obesity pharmacotherapy may be effective when GLP-1 drugs are not. Experts share recommendations for alternative weight loss strategies. GLP-1 medications have exploded in popularity to manage type 2 diabetes and treat obesity. The popularity of this class of medications, which includes Ozempic and Wegovy, is partly due to their widespread success for weight loss. However, new research published in Genome Medicine shows that GLP-1 drugs may not be effective for everyone. The findings suggest that certain genetic factors may offer an explanation. Around 10% of people carry genetic variations linked to “GLP-1 resistance.” These individuals appear to have higher-than-normal levels of the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 helps to regulate blood sugar. In contrast, the hormone appears less effective despite higher GLP-1 levels. “This aligns with my clinical experience, where I frequently see a variable response to GLP-1 medications,” said Mir Ali, MD, bariatric surgeon and medical director of MemorialCare Surgical Weight Loss Center at Orange Coast Medical Center in Fountain Valley, CA. Ali wasn’t involved in the study. It’s unclear whether these genetic variations influence weight loss. GLP-1 drugs are generally prescribed at higher doses for weight loss than for diabetes management. The current study focused on how GLP-1s and these genetic variants influence blood sugar levels. Genetic variants and GLP-1 resistance The study focused on two genetic variants that affect the enzyme peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). PAM plays a role in activating various hormones,