Gen Z reports early cognitive decline. Here’s what to know about the brain rot epidemic—and what to do about it

A 2025 Yale Study, authored by de Havenon, found an alarming increase in self-reported cognitive disability, particularly among adults ages 18 to 34. The younger cohort rate nearly doubled over a decade—from 5.1% in 2013 to 9.7% in 2023—driving most of the overall increase. By comparison, the rate among adults overall increased more modestly from 5.3% to 7.4% over the same period. The study tracked 4.5 million adults over 10 years. Is there a youth dementia epidemic? While the findings are a cause for concern, they do not necessarily suggest an emerging dementia epidemic. “This isn’t a diagnosis of dementia or even of cognitive impairment,” de Havenon explained. “It’s a subjective report of people saying they’re having serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions. With dementia, there’s a structural brain disease and a specific pathology that’s injuring the brain and leading to cognitive impairment.” That said, the Yale study notes that these findings should be investigated further, “as growing cognitive problems among the population can pose future healthcare and workplace consequences.” Because participants in the Yale study have not had their brains scanned, there’s no way of knowing yet if they display the structural brain changes associated with dementia. Further research would be needed to determine if there is a link between early self-reported cognitive decline and the structural brain changes associated with dementia. But if such a link is established, it would pose a significant economic cost; a study published in Frontiers in Neurology notes that dementia cost the global economy $1.3 trillion in 2019. That’s what makes research in treating dementia—from behavioral interventions to anti-inflammatory nasal spray—so important. The Yale st